ABSTRACT: In the present, the Romanian companies are faced with a phenomenon consisting in increasingly taking decisions based on uncertainty and risk as a result of the permanent process of transforming the economy, and as a consequence of carrying out the activities of privatization, restucturation and internationalization of activities. As a result of its complexity, many risks are come along with it. But, mention can be made of important advantages in the case of the Romanian companies that make use of the strategic decisions.

ABSTRACT: Romanian seaside tourism has to resolve o lot of problems, such as: improvement of services quality,diversification of entertainment supply, modernization of touristic structures with function of accomodation, rehabilitation of general infrastructure, investments for development, a fair quality-price ratio, strong competition from other littoral destinations from Europe, promotion actions. Due to this fact, romanian seaside is not an attractive touristic market. These problems need to be solved in order to facilitate the integration of romanian seaside tourism on the touristic world market.

ABSTRACT: In essence, the concept of corporate governance refers to the coordination of interests of the various stakeholders of the company: shareholders, managers, employees, creditors, customers, suppliers, state, etc. In every company’s environment there is a set of specific relationships between the physical or legal persons who have an interest (“stake”) in the business. In pursuit of entrepreneurial activity, the management or the governance of the company must take into account the inherent conflicts produced by the coexistence of multiple interests in the corporation. This paper focuses on the corporate governance concept and on three principal models for the corporate governance system.

ABSTRACT: The reform program has been slowed down in the Eastern Europe companies, as a following of the inability of the States to perform enough their control in the initial phases of the privatization and restructuring improper human and financial resources and badly managed. The main problem to which Eastern Europe has to cope has been the insurance of the efficient mechanisms for restructuring the shard interest limited societies. There are requested direct forms of restructuring of administration and management of the corporations in which the investors play an active role in the restructuring, this being a feature of the system of internal type, and not of that one of external type.

ABSTRACT: Aligning XML strategies with business goals is an absolute necessity. In fact, many successful companies are already committed to XML and embracing it with its associated tools. One of the better paths to successful implementation of XML follows an innovative, value-added, customer-centric XML strategy. The business perspective is more pertinent to building a successful XML business architecture than it is to developing a technical XML implementation. This approach may yield a better definition of core competencies and value propositions in an XML context from the perspective of the customer desires.

ABSTRACT: The paper presents aspects regarding the study of green produce’s consumer’s behaviour on the Romanian market. The study used the correlation chart and the variance analysis in order to identify essential aspects which influence the demand for green produce. The obtained results are useful for producers and other economic agents who turn into account green produce.

ABSTRACT: The Code of Ethics is binding for the internal auditor profession, since, at the end of the internal audit activity, the internal auditors, based on the tests and analyses carried out, express their opinion on the quality of the internal control system of the audited activity. The Code of Ethics stipulates four fundamental principles, as follows: integrity, constitutes the base for the trust granted to internal auditors; objectivity, directly related to independence; confidentiality, absolutely necessary, except for certain situations stipulated by law; competence, which implies ongoing updating of theoretical and practical knowledge.

ABSTRACT: The profitability represents the efficiency of operational activity, considered on it’s aggregate stages. It is a efficiency stage confirmed by obtained of some incomes higher then the afferent expenses, so the process to obtain the profit. Profitability is splitting in two major categories: a) the profitability of expenses, which illustrates the operational activity's legal competence to generate results by making expenses; b) the profitability of incomes, which illustrates the efficiency of capitalization the operational activities, through the incomes capacity to generate results. The analysis of profitability for operational activity follows the profitability of incomes and expenses of operational activity on forming steps: the exploiting activity, the current activity, the global activity.

ABSTRACT: Business strategy is not a finished artefact, it is a work in progress. Even if its main purpose is profit, another one is growth. Growth, as a strategic choice, can be reached either by organic growth, by strategic alliances or by merger and acquisition (they are risky because of the incompatibility of different companies). In the paper below, we analyze merger and acquisition from the juridical and economic point of view, its international implication for companies in terms of advantages and disadvantages and also, a comparison between Romanian framework for merger and acquisition and EU acquis requirements.

ABSTRACT: Structural equation modelling (LISREL 8) was used to test the causal relationships between tourist travel motivations (travel cost satisfaction and tourist demographics) and tourist destination (tourism product, tourism product attributes, and tourism product management). A survey containing Likert-type scales was used in collecting data from 203 international tourists who had travelled to Thailand. Using factor analysis, dimensions were identified for scales used in the study: travel cost satisfaction, tourist demographics, tourism product, tourism product attributes, and tourism product management. Results indicated that the travel cost satisfaction of international tourists had a positive influenced on tourism product attributes at 0.07 (t=1.96) with statistics significant at the level of 0.05. Also the travel cost satisfaction had a positive influence on tourism product management at 0.13 (t=4.02) with statistics significant at the level of 0.05. And the tourist demographics had a positive influenced on tourism product at 0.11(t=3.47) with statistic significant at the level of 0.05. As well as tourist demographics, which had a positive influenced on tourism management at 0.11 (t=3.57) with statistics significant at the level of 0.05. The results of the research suggested that if the tourist destinations in Thailand are improved in quality then not only will international tourist revisit Thailand but also the numbers of tourists travelling to Thailand will increase.

ABSTRACT: This paper sought to find the long-run relationships between international tourist arrivals in India with economic variables such as GDP, transportation costs and the exchange rate for the period from 2002-2006. The cointegration techniques used was based on Panel Cointegration Test as well as both the OLS estimator and DOLS estimator were used to find long-run relationship of the international tourism demand model for India. This paper used the five standard method test for Panel Unit Root Tests such as Levin, Lin and Chu (2002), Breitung (2000), Im, Pesaran and Shin (2003), Maddala and Wu (1999) and Choi (2001) and Handri (1999). The long-run results indicate that growth in income (GDP) of India’s major tourist source markets has a positive impact on international visitor arrivals to India. These empirical results imply that when GDP of international major tourist source market such as England, America, Canada, France, German, Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Singapore and Korea increasing 1% then the number of international visitor arrivals to India increasing about 3% to 4%. As well as when transportation cost of these country increasing 1% then the number of international visitor arrivals to India increasing about 0.3% to 0.6%. Finally when the value of India’s currency strong than the value of these country’s currency increasing 1% then the number of international visitor arrivals to India decreasing 0.003% to 0.006%. Furthermore mostly findings were consistent with economic theory and the implications of the model can be use for policy making.

Abstract: The parks generally offer the most important component of nature-based tourism (ecotourism), but obtain little from the benefits it brings about. The revenue obtained by national parks or other protected areas are generally centralised and managed by different agencies, so only a part of this revenue is coming back to the protected area where it was collected. The degree of return of visitors, the duration of visits, the visitors’ satisfaction and the quality of services - all these will suffer when the return rate of the collected revenue is reduced. Many governments see ecotourism as being a very important economic instrument for a sustainable development. It’s a shame that many of these governments do not invest enough in the personnel training, in the infrastructure or in other resources necessary to support this type of tourism. This leads to the degradation of many of these protected areas under the action of tourism.

ABSTRACT: The yearly evaluation at the structural units’ level and of National Hard Coal Company based on the technical and economical indicators allow characterizing these units, being able to offer an ensemble image regarding the future dimension and evolution of the mining activity in Jiu Valley. This paper tries to establish the position of each mine in Jiu Valley, starting with the estimations and tendencies of viability economical criteria during the period 2008-201, making appeal to fuzzy decisions. In this paper, a fuzzy decision making method is proposed which is based on the fuzzy set theory and the hierarchical structure analysis. The method employs two key concepts: linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers. The linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers are used to represent the decision-maker's subjective assessments for the decision criteria and the decision alternatives versus the decision criteria. The fuzzy mean operator is used to aggregate the decision-maker's subjective assessments and the total integral value method is used to rank the decision alternatives. In this paper, a fuzzy decision making method is proposed which is based on the fuzzy set theory and the hierarchical structure analysis. The method employs two key concepts: linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers. The linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers are used to represent the decision-maker's subjective assessments for the decision criteria and the decision alternatives versus the decision criteria. The fuzzy mean operator is used to aggregate the decision-maker's subjective assessments and the total integral value method is used to rank the decision alternatives.

Abstract: Business activity must take place permanently in the relationship of balance between revenue and expenditure. Thus, the question that is raised in front of managers of coal mines is to find ways to enable them to reduce and control the balance of the relationship said, and on this basis to meet the requirements of growth of profitability and of saving resources. In this respect the budget can become an instrument of correlation and particularly of reinforcing the relationship between expenditure and revenue in the mining enterprise, and budgeting - a systematic economic practice that involves the conduct of a formal process for the allocation of financial resources, with the purpose of achieving established goals for the next periods.

ABSTRACT: The level of pensions in Romania represents a topic of passionate debates within the political class, beginning with 1990 until nowadays. The alarming increase of the number of pensioners that has surpassed the number of employees in the economy correlated with the level of economical and social development of our country resulted in the impossibility of creating a system of social insurances for elder persons capable of assuring a decent level of their incomes. Accordingly, the analysis of the various categories of pensions covering 12 years has emphasized the fact that, generally, pensions are not able to provide a decent living standard for those who get them; neither they are capable of eliminating poverty in case of a quite important part of the population in our country; subsequently they have proved not to be capable to play their part as social insurances against risks, in our case the risk of being old.

ABSTRACT: The role of an interim financial reporting is to allow the information users to acknowledge the activity of an entity on period shorter than financial exercise from the perspective of the available profits and cash flows generated as well as from the point of view of its financial position and liquidity. The interim financial reporting includes a complete or condensed set of financial statements which target to update the last financial reporting, usually the annual report. The interim financial statements must assure informations that are comparable and in conformity with the international accounting norms.

ABSTRACT: In this paper we investigate the relation between auditor independence, audit committee quality and the disclosure of internal control weaknesses. We begin with a sample of firms with internal control weaknesses and, based on industry, size, and performance, match these firms to a sample of control firms without internal control weaknesses. Our conditional logit analyses indicate that a relation exists between audit committee quality, auditor independence, and internal control weaknesses. Firms are more likely to be identified with an internal control weakness, if their audit committees have less financial expertise or, more specifically, have less accounting financial expertise and non-accounting financial expertise. They are also more likely to be identified with an internal control weakness, if their auditors are more independent. In addition, firms with recent auditor changes are more likely to have internal control weaknesses.

ABSTRACT: TARGET2 is the RTGS system for the euro, offered by the Eurosystem. It is used for the settlement of central bank operations, large-value euro interbank transfers as well as other euro payments. It provides real-time processing, settlement in central bank money and immediate finality. A real-time gross settlement system, such as TARGET2 is a payment system in which processing and settlement take place continuously ("in real time") rather than in batch processing mode. Like this, transactions can be settled with immediate finality. "Gross settlement" means that each transfer is settled individually rather than on a net basis.

ABSTRACT: The paper starts from the premise that writing for a business context or audience displays specific features of the rhetoric of discourse, being different from writing in the humanities, social sciences, or other academic disciplines. Within the framework of general writing rules, the paper points out the special issues arising in the business context, analyzing the major content and form - related aspects meant to ensure an effective written communication.

ABSTRACT: In the last years, the Romanian economy experienced significant foreign deficits after the surpluses achieved in the periods of communist regime. The continuation of this evolution could affect, in the future, the macroeconomic stability. In this paper we study the relationship between the Romanian exports and imports in the period of time January 2004 -July 2008. For this purpose we use the Engle-Granger cointegration test. We found the existence of a cointegration relationship between exports and imports. However, this is not enough to sustain the foreign deficits since the imports grew faster than the exports. This situation imposes certain changes in the macroeconomic policy.

ABSTRACT: Over the last period, the literature specialized in management reports a fundamental paradigm transfer as far as the role of human resources goes in the functioning of the modern organization system. Career management represents a complex process of planning and accomplishing personnel objectives and strategies which enable the company to answer its own internal needs regarding the use and the development of human resources; on the other hand it encourages employees to take control of their own development in order to maintain and enhance their employability. Professional development and training of employees, followed by professional evaluation and promotion based on reasonable criteria of human resources make use of some elaborate methodologies due to their major contribution in reaching the objectives of an efficient career management. This paper reviews all the acknowledged methods and techniques but also the most modern approaches applied successfully in career management.

ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of labor external migration is a very complex and topical one; it is determined by multiple causes, and it determines, at its turn, a series of consequences that can have positive or negative effects upon for the origin country of the emigrants. Under such circumstances the paper targets to approach and analyze this phenomenon by emphasizing its main forms as well as its causes and effects.

ABSTRACT: In the world insurances exist only due to the benefits of employees. This simple truth is sometimes neglected. Debates on social insurances are often focused on political and technical problems like risks division, solidarity, insurances system management. Although these aspects are important for operating on an equitable basis of the social insurances system, the key problem remains the problems of the insured benefits or the answer to the question: what do consumers want and what are their needs? For answering to this question, in some countries, political decision makers have tried to introduce the market elements in social insurances, as well as in other public fields. Still, the benefits have been excluded to a great extent, as in other public fields. Still, benefits have been mostly excluded from the consumer’s right to choose.

ABSTRACT: The concept of sustainable development is built on the premise that human civilization is a sub-system of the Ecosphere and is dependent on its material and energy flows, on its stability and capacity for self-adjustment. Public policies that are being developed on this assumption, such as Romania’s National Sustainable Development Strategy, seek to restore and preserve a rational and enduring equilibrium between economic development and the integrity of the natural environment in ways that society can understand and accept.

ABSTRACT. Numerous theories and models regarding the labour market have been created lately, which demonstrates not only the complexity of the problems this market poses but mostly the difficulty of their solving. The great majority of these theories has appeared and has been applied in countries that are developed from an economical viewpoint. In countries that have their economy in transition, like Romania, no theory has been crystallized yet and the relevance of the existent models is unfortunately rather theoretical. The well- known theories and the new theoretical approaches are presented briefly in the paper as follows.

ABSTRACT: Management practices and methods have changed over the last decade and will continue to change. Management control systems it needs methods and modern techniques to support managers in making decisions Activity Based Management it is a method that is focusing on the management of activities within business processes as the route to continuously improve both the value received by customers and the profit earned in providing that value. ABM uses activity based cost information and performance measurements to influence management action. People undertake activities which consume resources – so controlling activities allows you to control costs at their source.

ABSTRACT: With consumers showing increasing resistance to traditional forms of advertising such as TV or newspaper ads, marketers have turned to alternate strategies, including viral marketing. Viral marketing exploits existing social networks by encouraging customers to share product information with their friends.In our study we are able to directly observe the effectiveness of person to person word of mouth advertising for hundreds of thousands of products for the first time.

ABSTRACT: Innovative firms in Europe face significant problems in accessing the funding they need to start, grow and compete on global markets. European firms (especially SMEs) turn mostly to banks to obtain external finance and only in limited cases to alternative sources of financing - such as venture capital funds. But despite the venture capital funds have become increasingly important; this external source of funding still remains fragile. Therefore, the venture capital industry imposes the removal of the existing obstacles to cross-border investments within Europe so that the sector could exploit the opportunities that are available within European firms.

ABSTRACT: In the paper authors presets experience of Czestochowa University of Technology within collaboration with Czestochowa Business Incubator (CBI). In 2005, chosen staff of Czestochowa UT have been working within brand new Phare project “Promotion of employment among youth”. Because relatively high unemployment level among young people in Czestochowa city and region, the project has been implemented in order to help graduates to find their strengths and to advise in planning individual job track, to extend their job skills adequate to present and foreseen market needs, prepare them to the job interviews, prepare and help in starting own business. Authors also describe CBI’s other initiatives undertaken to increase number of new business set up by young people, especially.

ABSTRACT: The beginnings of the concept and practices date back in time but with a greater emphasis during the 20th century. Nowadays, the definition and conceptual delimitations are subject to debate and controversy. According to the type of responsibilities assumed, the enterprise can adopt different attitudes. The socially responsible practices are initiatives that a company takes in order to voluntarily improve the way of operating such that to contribute to the good of the community and to the protection of the environment.

ABSTRACT: International trade in services has grown, year after year, in importance in the world economy. The trade with services undergoes a more accelerated ascension than the one with goods, but it still holds less than 20% of the global trade partly due to the barriers of entrance on the market. However, the foreign direct investments (FDI) in services are superior to those from the manufactory sector because of the growth of the efforts made by the traders in order to establish some commercial presences on the foreign markets. The liberalization of the international trade with services is likely to generate substantial benefits concerning the prosperity and the economical growth.

ABSTRACT. This article examines the role of tourism promotion as a component of destination image formation and describes the way to change a destination image. This is a lengthy, complicated and expensive process, hence it requires the coordination of many factors and resources and the assistance of professionals. To advance from the stage of drawing up a strategic plan for changing the destination image and creating a destination brand , it is advisable to start by defining the campaign's objectives and the target audience and analyzing the destination characteristics. In the last part of the paper, after briefly commenting the planning study and developing process of tourism destination image in Romania, points out the image of tourism destination has been playing an important role in tourism development. And in this part, we shape Romania country tourist image, based on geography characteristic and present situation of tourism industry development in the country.

ABSTRACT: The paper presents the mode in which the utilization of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system contributes to the increase of competitivity of production management. ERP system is a soft which incorporates inside all the aspects of an organization activity combining all the departments and functions of an enterprise into an integrating and informing system which is able to realize the highest performances if it is properly managed. Such systems suppose the integration of all informing functions of enterprise by using a unique data basis accessible in accepted limits of confidentiality of the various hierarchical steps. By introduction and utilization of such system are assured the transparency of business on the whole and are avoided incomplete or partial erroneous decisions determined by the deficiencies of communication process.

ABSTRACT: E-business and IT projects must offer a good return on investment (ROI) in order to be funded. This paper deals with the concepts we need for a clear understanding of this problem in order to calculate ROI for e-business and IT projects. Also, we have to know the limitations of calculating ROI and the best practices for identifying and incorporating uncertainty and risk into ROI analysis.

ABSTRACT: The paper is focused on the following elements of the impact study’s content: social and economic features of the area and the social, economic and commercial impact. Currently we witness the materialisation of the research’s results by setting up such a store MMX DISCOUNT in the town of Vulcan from the Jiu Valley.

ABSTRACT: Organizations usually implement a management system both in order to „set the policy and the objectives” and to „accomplish those objectives”. Such a system is the quality (management) system itself which is „a management system through which we guide and control an organization in point of quality”.

ABSTRACT: The objectives and functions of automatic data processing in public administration can be deduced if we take into consideration the functioning principles of this system, that is to say the transparency in providing information and public services through ready access of both people and corporate bodies, the efficient way the public funds are used and last but not least, the confidentiality of personal data.

ABSTRACT: In this paper we performed a basic and common DBA tasks on the two products and measured the time taken and the steps required to complete each task, to assess their relative manageability. The time taken to complete the tasks was then weighted according to their frequency of use in a typical DBA workday to arrive at an overall time savings percentage.

ABSTRACT: Human capital represents one of the most important resources of development founded upon knowledge; its turn to good account within the process of diminishing discrepancies, finally reflected in the level of economic efficiency, implies a minute reform of education system according to the concept of continual education and professional training. As regards higher education an impetus should be given to the changes required by adhering to the European Space of Higher Education (ESHE) through implementing the demands of Bologna Process; they focus upon the quality of higher education, the adoption of a system of education founded upon well-defined cycles, the continuation of promoting students’ and teaching staff’s mobility, finalizing the implementation of transferable system of credits, the promotion of the European dimension of higher education and of the European Space of Higher Education attractiveness.

ABSTRACT: An instrument of maximum importance in fixing and self-fixing the proportion between the demand and the offer occurring on the goods market is prevision; it closely interacts with the devices of concurrence market. Concurrence market makes use of numberless devices in order to inform and direct the companies; nevertheless they are no enough when predicting the future evolution of the sizes and structure of demand and offer on internal and external market. Both consumers and producers are interested in knowing in due time demand, offer, and price; such a thing is only possible through deploying a vast prevision activity in the field of demand and offer. They need both the data provided by the devices of concurrence market and the conscious provision activity.