ABSTRACT: Quality is adopted by the market to resolve asymmetric information problems concerning the relationships between sellers and buyers. Also in the tourist market the quality assumes a particular importance, although its measurement needs different identification criterions. Tourism firms invest in quality and use it as mechanism of signalling, because of increasing market competitiveness. Nevertheless, it is argued in this paper that tourist satisfaction cannot depend directly on high quality good/services, but on the relationship between their expectations and satisfactions. This can explain why tourism market is characterized by different quality standard services.

ABSTRACT: The development processes in information and communication technology and the internet particularly, have revolutionized the entire tourism industry, generating new models of business, changing the structure of distribution channels used by tourism industry and redesigning all processes connected to this industry and last but not least, influencing the suppliers with touristic packages, destinations and stakeholders. The E-tourism is joining same of the fastest growing technologies such as the communications and information technology the hospitality industry and management, the marketing and the strategic planning.

ABSTRACT: Currently, the estate market in Romania is characterized by instability, limited demand, the increased aversion to risk and very sensitive to price component, the determinants factors being the global financial tensions and the attitude of banks that have frozen the crediting. In the last year, due largely to the global financial crisis had raised questions such as: To what extent the international financial crisis will affect this market? This analysis is like an overall analysis of the causes that determine the evolution of the estate market as a whole. To this end we started to explain the evolution of demographic aspects of the country, reaching financial factors, sociological, and stressing foreign influence on the evolution of this market.

ABSTRACT: This article aims to present an overview of tourism flows evolution in Romania during the last decade and discuss its recent dynamics, taking into account challenges of the global economic crisis. Accordingly, we synthesize the results of some comparative analyses of the main indicators reflecting the flows of visitors (foreigners and residents) based on official statistics. Thus, after presenting the trends of yearly evolution in 2000-2008 comparative with 1990, we analyze monthly dynamics in 2007, 2008 and the first seven months of 2009 looking for the early signs of crisis. In addition, we point out the main evolutions and challenges of the tourism industry, as identified by recent studies of some representative organizations in the world and EU.

ABSTRACT: Institutional investors - including mutual funds, pension funds, hedge funds, and insurance companies - are a growing force in developed capital markets. We are in an environment in which investors, regulators and legislators have a dramatically reduced tolerance for risk. Rules and regulations can provide additional investor protections, but can also reduce market efficiency at a great cost to borrowers and investors alike. Finding the right balance is the challenge, and is one that necessitates a wide-ranging discussion of proposals on the table. Our role as economists and researchers is to engage in this discussion on behalf of funds and their investors.

ABSTRACT: The Jiu Valley, or Petrosani coal basin, is an important economic region of Romania, situated at the springs of the Jiu River, between the Eastern Carpathians. It is a geographical area that emerges and develops from a social, economic and cultural point of view after mid-nineteenth century, as a result of the industrial revolution. The influence of the industrial revolution on this mountain area will occur on two coordinates: the extraction of the most important natural assets in the underground - coal - the energy resource that underlies the development of the first stage of the industrial revolution; the implementation of technical methods and technologies without which the coal deposits in the Jiu Valley could not be turned to account by primary extraction and processing. As a Transylvanian region, it will be part of the Habsburg Empire by the end of 1918 - the Austrian - Hungarian Empire since 1867 - and the industrial revolution, the political and economic interests of the state and of private capital will boost development. The state will be involved by developing a stimulating legislation - primarily the General Mine Law of 23 May 1854 - and through direct investment, and private capital by mining companies: Mine Şi Cuptoare Company in BraŞov; "Salgótarján"; "Uricani-Valea Jiului", "Valea Jiului de Sus". Work force will come from different parts of the Empire - which will trigger a population increase from 6670 inhabitants in 1854 to 50,015 inhabitants in 1910. This population will live in workers neighborhoods from which the present day cities will develop. Being highly professionalized, it will change the social, economic and cultural characteristics of the Jiu Valley by developing a modern industrial complex, production coal increasing from 853 tons in 1868 to 2,229,850 tons in 1913. The Jiu Valley coal will be used mainly for railway propulsion, in steel works, for household heating, etc., contributing to the development of other industries and to the comfort population.

ABSTRACT: This paper studies corporate exposure to country risk from the perspective of the cost of equity. Indeed, corporations located into emerging countries are perceived as being riskier; therefore, investors require higher returns which increase the financing costs. Under these circumstances, financial managers face the challenge of quite a tough balance to keep up with: valorising the growth potential offered by the emerging countries on the condition of implementing powerful financial strategies, capable of protecting the corporation from the macroeconomic volatility. This research develops a practical approach on the way exposure to country risk impacts company’s financial balance, with a deep keen on the operational support offered by various methodologies that analysts get use of within the assessment process.

ABSTRACT: The present work brings forward a research performed at the level of the managers of Agip stations from Romania, which are in administration, regarding the distribution system efficiency and effectiveness. By means of such research we aimed at: a clearer comprehension of the partnership between S.C. Agip Romania S.R.L. and the managers who administrate the stations, regarding the distribution system; the accurate identification of the system of supply with merchandises of the stations found in administration, of its efficiency and effectiveness; the observation of the efficiency or inefficiency of the transport, manipulation and merchandises storage activities; the analysis of clients satisfaction degree related to the method of acquisition of the merchandises in these stations etc. In order to fulfil the research objectives, we used as data collection instruments the observation on site, the discussions with the stations managers, the investigation of the documents placed at by dealers and the questionnaire.

ABSTRACT: A marketing group is an association of producers who agreed to sell their farms jointly, as a group. The group takes responsibility for widely understood marketing of agricultural products I.E. preparation, supply, promotion, and distribute of these goods. Farmers’ groups, in order to generate possibly highest profits, usually merge production-related and marketing functions, which leads to rise in.

ABSTRACT: The cost-volume-profit study the manner how evolve the total revenues, the total costs and operating profit, as changes occur in volume production, sale price, the unit variable cost and / or fixed costs of a product. Managers use this analysis to answer different questions like: How will incomes and costs be affected if we still sell 1.000 units? But if you expand or reduce selling prices? If we expand our business in foreign markets?

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to present some aspects of the staff recruitment like a qualitative framework of the human resource management at the University of Craiova. Our research demonstrate that if the organisation manages to recruit highly qualified staff, this will require less preparation and the recruitment process will be simplified because the new employees will be prepared according to the new circumstances with less expenses in a short time. Finally under these circumstances the new employees oriented or integrated in adequate jobs register a low fluctuation and a higher satisfaction in labour.

ABSTRACT: The mechanism operator of total actual capital on profit afferent turnover in the synthesizer manner is an important tool in assessing the economic and financial performance of the company both internally and in the diagnostic tests performed outside. Addressed the overall level of business, real capital - fixed and circulating - appears as part of operating capital; with all other forms of total capital operated in the frame of business activity, actual capital is involved in a specific circuit, arising from the operation of producer agents in a market economic environment. The transformation of the company liquid capital in productive real capital takes place in conditions in which the firm is presented on the capital goods market as a buyer and actually proceed to the purchase of goods-capital needed for production. Simultaneously, the company is presented as a buyer and the labour market, drawing work resources required.

ABSTRACT: The new European political target to reduce development disparities and a more appropriate distribution of development funds within regions. In the ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network) since 2006 there have been studies on policentricity. They support the idea that a polycentric urban structure with a more marked character will contribute to more balanced regional development and to increase European competitiveness. However, studies fail ESPON overlap and a common approach to the two concepts, polycentricity and regional competitiveness.

ABSTRACT: This paper sought to find the short-run and long-run relationships between international tourist arrivals in Thailand with economic variables such as GDP, the price of goods and services, transportation costs, and the exchange rate for the period from 1997(Q1)-2005(Q2). Both the Cointegration techniques based on Johansen and Juselius (1990) and Error Correction Mechanisms based on Engle and Granger concept (1987) were used to find the long-run and short-run relationships of the international tourism demand model for Thailand. This paper used the full six standard method test for unit root tests such as ADF-Test (1979), PP-Test (1987,1988), KPSS-Test (1992), DF-GLS Test (1996), the ERS Point Optimal Test and Ng and Perron (2001). The full six standard method test for unit root test have not previously been used to test unit roots for estimating tourism demand models. The long-run results indicate that growth in income (GDP) of Thailand’s major tourist source markets has a positive impact on international visitor arrivals to Thailand while both transportation cost and exchange rate has a negative impact on international visitor arrivals to Thailand. The findings were consistent with economic theory and the implications of the model can be used for policy making.

ABSTRACT: Econometric forecasting involves the application of statistical and mathematical models to forecast future economic developments. This study focuses on forecasting methods based on both X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment and an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA). Secondary data based on facts and figures that have already been recorded were utilized to forecast international tourist arrivals to India, 2007-2010. From this period the results confirm that the best forecasting method for India based on the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment consisting of X-12-ARIMA(0,1,2)(0,1,1), X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) and the best forecasting method based on ARFIMA(p,d,q) method consisting of ARFIMA(1,0.1906,1), ARFIMA(1,0.2562,1), ARFIMA (1,0.2635,1) and ARFIMA(1,0.2951,1). Furthermore these methods predict that international tourism arrivals to India, 2007-2010 will increase at a positive growth rate. If these results can be generalized to a series of future year, then a recommendation from the study under taken should enable both public sector and private sector policy makers to develop a strategic tourism plan to focus on the increasing numbers of international tourist arrivals to India.

ABSTRACT: This paper sought to find the short-run and long-run relationships between international tourist arrivals in Thailand and economic variables such as GDP, the price of goods and services, transportation costs, temperature of Thailand and both the exchange rate and exchange rate risk for the period from 1997(Q1)-2005(Q2). The cointegration techniques used were based on the ARDL approach to cointegration (developed by Pesaran and Pesaran (1997), Pesaran and Smith (1998) and Pesaran et al. (2001)) of Thailand’s international tourism demand and error correction mechanisms were used to find the short-run relationships of Thailand’s international tourism demand. This paper used the full six standard method test for unit root tests such as ADF-Test (1979), PP-Test (1987,1988), KPSS-Test (1992), DF-GLS Test (1996), the ERS Point Optimal Test and Ng and Perron (2001). The full six standard method test for unit root test have not previously been used to test unit roots for estimating tourism demand models based on ARDL approach to cointegration as well as this method for analyzing the long-run relations when the variables are of mixed-order of integration, i.e., I(0) and I(1). The long-run results indicate that growth in income (GDP) of Thailand’s major tourist source markets has a positive impact on international visitor arrivals to Thailand while transportation cost and both exchange rate and exchange rate risk have a negative impact on international visitor arrivals to Thailand. The findings were consistent with economic theory and the implications of the model can be used for policy making. Finally, the temperature of Thailand mostly has a negative impact on international visitor arrivals to Thailand.

ABSTRACT: The study points out the evolution of the most relevant post revolutionary aspects of the Romanian mining problems, by using examples in the Jiu Valley, the most important coal basin in our country, and it is characterized by novelty elements in the field of the relations between the Employees Board and the Union in the mining activity both from the point of view of revealing reality and of presenting the results of the social investigations carried out.

ABSTRACT: The indicators are the main part of the business information system forecast; due to them, one can set forth, on the one hand, the quantitative and qualitative objectives of the forecast management tools and the means to achieve them, while on the other hand, they characterize the phenomen and economic and social processes in all their organizational types - level, structure, influence factors.

ABSTRACT: In this paper the author defines the nature of social stratification and social classes, and the main concepts associated with this process, as well. The work describes the concept of “social stratification” from the point of view of some classic economists and sociologists. In the work is described a contemporary interpretation of the social stratification. Also is given a qualitative assessment in the Republic of Moldova and the attached well-known classification of social stratification in its conditions.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the initial step from this paper is not to reflect to the opportunity of the implementation of some new methods of analyze and to offer the possibility to fundament some strategic decisions regarding the improvement of the abilities from the pit coal market, following that by applying creatively a model of analyze to be assured a board picture, with a role of offering basic information for taking the major decisions regarding the decrease of the coasts and increase of the activity efficiency in order to perfect the actions for reconfiguring the speed for extracting the pit coal. To apply a model of stimulation having as base the correlation analyze, which surprises the influence of some factors as: goods production, valour productivity of the work, the ponder of material expenses into the total cost over a factor of performance represented by the expense at 1000 Lei of goods production allowed the visualization of the changing the factor resulted into the conditions of the increasing or decreasing of the studied factors. The value of the determination coefficient and the result of using the Fisher test show us that the model expresses very well the link between the expenses at 1000 Lei of goods production and the mentioned factors, the reason for which it can be used at setting the decisions, for improving the organization and managing, having as purpose to increase the work quality (based on the productivity increase) and reducing the expenses for exploiting the hard coal.

ABSTRACT: Even if, theoretically speaking the specialty literature accepted and validated the concept of perfect competition, this remains, only a hypothetical issue that cannot be met in its pure form - in the real economy. The impossibility of the market to regulate itself as well as the anti-competition practices or unfair competition make absolute necessary the intervention of the state at the economic level in order to re-establish the market equilibrium and to relaunch the economic growth. But this intervention - both at world level as well as at EU level - or more specific at the Romanian level - takes place in a controlled way based upon some specific regulations. Such regulations aim at the domains of state intervention, type and quantum of aid, concession conditions, as well as at the reflection in the beneficiaries’ financial situations of the aid received and their influence upon the economic - financial results. We try hereafter a brief presentation of the concept, recognition and fiscal implications of the most used form of state aid in the economy: subsidies.

ABSTRACT: In the current economic conditions, cost is a key instrument in decisions on resource allocation, which are often limited, on the volume and structure of production, increase or withdraw supply of goods or services market, etc. In these circumstances the best choice is to choose a minimum cost. In its universal acceptance, the cost of production is an economic category that provides information about the work done by an operator and is a key factor of economic and financial analysis of the efficiency of the unit. Calculating the cost of production is achieved only at a general level, but are taken into account and: distribution cost, labour cost, cost of education, health, information, administration, time, debt (credit), inflation, unemployment, economic reform, ecological cost.

ABSTRACT: A world in constant motion, an economy in which the corresponding fluctuations of different indicators of economic phenomena and processes are recorded in short intervals of time, the transition to a market economy in most countries of the world and thus, eliminating the administrative mechanisms of management are just some issues generating event risk both at the macroeconomic level and microeconomic level. Operational risk, market risk, bankruptcy risk, currency risk, investment risk, technological risk are acting categories in the business environment and put their imprint on the work carried out by economic entities and the results obtained. Exercise of active management of risk involves identifying potential risks, their quantification, a set of appropriate measures to prevent or limit the effects generated.

ABSTRACT: Taxation need not be questioned. In the context of social development, the existence of public institutions is essential and intangible nature of their work, and thus unable to obtain the necessary revenue to cover its expenses necessarily determined, taking some parts of the results in the material sphere through taxation. However, one important issue is represented by the size of the tax burden borne by taxpayers. Tax burden is a widely debated issue considered at all times. It is important number taxes and mandatory contributions or greater tax burden borne by all taxpayers? For tax burden can be determined with sufficient accuracy is tolerable limits sizing math? What are the effects generated by the tax burden? These are questions to which answers can be drawn not always make full satisfaction truth. The work reflected a number of issues relating to fiscal pressure sizing customization for Romania and its effects and measures to be taken to reduce it.

ABSTRACT: Banks have traditionally been interested in using technology to improve their products, services and efficiency. Over a long time they have been using electronic and telecommunication networks for delivering a wide range of value added products and services. With its increasing popularity, Internet is more and more used by banks as a channel for providing their products and services to their customers. This form of banking is generally referred to as Internet banking. The paper examines the features of Internet banking focusing on the substantial growth over the last years as banks use Internet services as an aggressive business strategy to gain market share rather than for making profits.

ABSTRACT: The paper starts from two premises, namely that business communication is a specific form of human interaction, and 70% of our communication is non – verbal. Therefore, relying on the latest findings in the field, our research deals with such basic elements of non – verbal communication as the use of interpersonal space and body language in order to prove their value as social cues, interpretable on the level of the collective unconscious and capable of enhancing or undermining the verbal message.

ABSTRACT: The development of the information technology and of the communication systems has created the best environment for the organizations to develop a better and a longer relationship with consumers. The stronger the competition becomes the harder it is for the organizations to target ant retain the clients. The development of the customer relationship management has become an important tool for creating better value for the customers. With the help of CRM and of CRM related software, it has become much easier to target the consumer. This paper present several definitions to CRM as well as some different approaches with regard to this aspect. We also present several aspects with regard to the evolution of the CRM software world wide.

ABSTRACT: The concept of industrial marketing is circumscribed around an explosive development which has influenced the specialization and the differentiation of the science of marketing, through extending its applicability to various fields of activities. If on conceptual level, marketing can be used in relation with any type of market – industrial or consumer – the methods of implementing the elements of the marketing process can be very different. The marketing experiment is dwelt upon in this paper both from a theoretic point of view and from the point of view of its practical applicability; the second approach is based on creating and solving a study case using the method of projecting the marketing experiment with the help of random blocks.

ABSTRACT: This article presents an analysis of developments in macroeconomic modelling, presents some models of economic growth on investment (Keynes), model underlining the importance of each model in hand, the innovative feature of the macroeconomic model and application modelling investment opportunity in our country.

ABSTRACT: In this article were the patterns of growth for a country in transition, because Romania has came an intense process of transition. An attempt to identify factors which increase the supply of factors of production which is the connection between them and the GNP / capita or standard of living for a longer period.

ABSTRACT: nowadays, unemployment still is a threatening as a result of the quantitative and qualitative lack of balance between labour demand and offer. Under such circumstances, a very important part is played by the implementation of certain active measures with a view of increasing the degree of labour employment and of diminishing the real unemployment rate.

ABSTRACT: Although post is part of our daily life, many of us assimilating it with the image of the postman or with a stamped letter, we are few in the position of having been given the opportunity to go beyond the counters installed in posts, for a better knowledge of the complexity of this activity. The importance of post is given by the universal service that has been acknowledged and accepted by the entire world. Its preservation has to be followed by the increase of services quality that can be achieved only through a liberalization of postal services. It is necessary to liberalize the world postal services because not all the states provide the universal service in the same way. Posts improve the quality of traditional services on the market, implement and diversify new products and services of the type of the “new economy”. Postal services liberalization supposes on one hand, the improvement of services quality, modernization, costs decrease and structure alteration, and on the other hand, it supposes a legislation that would allow responsibilities separation between governments, postal operators and regulation authorities.

ABSTRACT: The access to Social and Cohesion Funds offers Romania a possibility to develop the regions which are lagging behind, to modernize transport and environment infrastructure, to support rural development, to create new employment opportunities, to sustain social policies which will lead to the growth of the standard of life. This research work displays a short presentation of structural instruments national level as well as on the institutions responsible for their implementation, on the principles and stages specific for projects with European financing. The existence of a strong institutional structure, capable to ensure the formulation and application of public policies, to keep the coordination processes inside ministries going, the implementation of national programs, increasing the application capacity of partnerships between local administrations, is absolutely necessary.

ABSTRACT: The research was conducted in PetroŞani Municipality, on an intentional lot, composed exclusively of women and covered a brief overview of how women perceive their status and their role in society and also the willingness and confidence in their abilities of surpassing “lower condition”, focusing in particular, on their professional life.

ABSTRACT: In the context of the international financial crisis, the necessity to attract new financing sources and to ensure the correlation between the capital supply and demand became a new challenge for the firms, especially for the SMEs. The concept of "investment readiness" refers to the capacity of entrepreneurs to understand the specific needs of the investors and to be able to answer to them through relevant information, a high level of credibility and trust that can determine the investor to finance the project or the business. The SMEs should be prepared for investment if they want to satisfy the investors’ requirements and to attract the necessary funds. In fact, the central idea of the investment readiness is the necessity to take into consideration the both aspects of SMEs’ financing: the capital demand and the capital supply.

ABSTRACT: According to the specialized literature from the field of organizational and economic psychology, the work group is defined as two or more persons who interact and pursue common goals, have stable relationships, are to some extent interdependent and realize they are in fact part of the group. Work in an organization takes a third form, i.e. emotional work/emotional labour: emotional labour reflects the management of emotions. This happens through mental effort, sometimes consciously, sometimes not, and its purpose is the change of personal feelings or emotions, so that these are in accordance with the "emotional rules" established by the formal group’s norms, having a higher or lower intensity, on a shorter or longer period, instantly or slowly. Identity confusion, socio-professional stress, professional dissatisfaction, organizational silence are just a few of the negative effects of emotional labour, respectively of the discrepancy between the required emotion and the emotion experienced in reality by the employees of a large number of organizations.

ABSTRACT: On every continent, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is being practiced in a historical manner for several decades. While in some regions philanthropic activities have been taking place even before using the concept of CSR, in other areas this concept has become familiar at a later date as it has appeared and developed while being brought mostly by multinational operating in the area. The aim of this paper is to briefly draw some elements related to the emergence of CSR practices on different continents.

ABSTRACT: Starting from the current international context in which performance management is key to overcoming the financial crisis, the content of the work we have addressed in detail and co-ordinate the management process. Thus, we presented two forms of coordination, coordination of horizontal and vertical coordination, disparities and convergence between them and coordinating role in system management functions.

ABSTRACT: Primary market is the segment in which new issues are made whereas secondary market is the segment in which outstanding issues are traded. In the primary market, issues may be made in four ways, namely public issue, rights issue, private placement/private equity and bonus issue. The IPO’s are regulated by SEBI in terms of SEBI guidelines: SEBI has framed the guidelines in 1992, which were changed many times keeping in view the in consistencies, market development and changing needs of the capital market. A new set of guidelines was issued in the years 2000.